From Doldrums To Delights

Tulips, daffodils and forsythia have long been associated as being harbingers of spring. They are a welcome site after the doldrums of winter. However, these popular plant icons are not the only ones we have to look forward to. There are others out there that not only compliment the fore mentioned, but if used effectively, can extend your garden experience from early spring to late fall/early winter.

Cornus officinalis ‘Morris Arboretum’, the Japanese Cornel Dogwood, is a small tree or large shrub noted for its early yellow flowers in March. In fact, it is believed to flower one to two weeks earlier than the more popular Cornus mas, Corneliancherry Dogwood. Morris Arboretum’s claim to fame is that its flowers are abundant and extended over other varieties. The bark offers shades of grey, brown and orange and its handsome rounded outline lends itself well to a smaller garden footprint. A very durable, dense canopy of thick glossy leaves can withstand temperatures of about -20 Fahrenheit. Native to Japan and Korea, Morris Arboretum is very adaptable, but prefers well drained soils. Don’t forget to look for edible red drupes and purple-red foliage in the fall. Consider using this little gem in the foreground of your garden with a backdrop of some dark green Oriental Spruce, Picea orientalis. You will build texture and create layers in a small amount of space.

Mahonia aquifolium, the Oregon Grapeholly, also offers attributes throughout the year. This evergreen shrub grows comfortably to three to six feet tall and wide. Noticeable are its bright yellow flowers in late March/early April. Borne in clusters on erect stems, these slightly fragrant flowers appear on two to three inch racemes. The common name, Grape Holly, refers to dark blue fruits that appear from late summer through early winter, which resemble small grapes. A fan of moist, well drained soils, the biggest trick to this plants success is the protection from desiccating winds in the winter. This is crucial!! And if possible look for the cultivar “Orange Flame”. Boasting orange-bronze new foliage against darker green mature foliage is a plus for any gardener. Try to provide a bit more sun for this one though.

Conifers always seem to be forgotten when talking about garden excitement. They’re usually referred to only when talking about a proverbial hedge of “EVERGREENS’ or seen far too often dumped at the corner of a home as an inadequate anchor. How about one that offers four colors early in the spring? Picea bicolor “Howells Dwarf Tigertail” (bicolor spruce) is as exciting to a conifer lover as game seven of a subway World Series is to a sports fan. Where do I start? Perhaps the upward growing new shoots pushing through rose-purple buds. Or the bright silver-blue underside of the needle capped by green with hints of yellow on the most exposed branches. Almost every color is represented at one time or another on this conifer. By pruning out the main leader when young, you can maintain a flat topped, spreading conifer that will be well suited for any garden long term. As is true with most conifers, this one likes moist, well drained soil and sunshine. When possible try to tuck this one out of hot, late afternoon sun to enjoy its best color markings. Should you want a broad pyramidal tree, resist pruning the main leader and you will have a garden focal point that will offer you year round interest.

With property lots becoming increasingly smaller in New Jersey and gardening becoming one of the fastest growing hobbies, it is important not to be capricious in your plant selections as your choices will define your garden footprints. Using deciduous ornamentals, broadleaf evergreens and conifers are a great way to build color, texture and size in your landscape. And if the plants mentioned above just happen to be deer resistant, well that’s an extra bonus.

Just a Thought

“Anheuser-Busch spent $534 million dollars for advertising in 1997 and in September of 1996, Anheuser-Busch debuted its Freshness Dating, or “Born On,” system. In an effort to provide fresh beer to the marketplace, Anheuser-Busch improved its distribution practices and reduced wholesale inventories. The lower inventory levels resulted in approximately $12 million in annual savings for Anheuser-Busch’s network of beer wholesalers through improved scheduling, lower transportation costs and reduced working capital requirements. The company also communicated its freshness advantage to consumers through a comprehensive marketing campaign, which included the “Born On” freshness dates.” What does all this have to do with gardening… not a lot, but it inspired me to come up with a concept that I offered, as a suggestion, to Monrovia Growers some years back during my stint on their retail council.

What if the horticulture industry, specifically the growers of nursery product, adopted the slogan “Born On” not to refer to freshness, but to identify when a plant was originally conceived. That is when a specific plant was grafted, started from seed, made from tissue culture or grown from a cutting. At times I feel there is a lack of appreciation for what it takes to grow and market a plant. Considerable efforts are undergone to grow premium plants successfully. The challenge of mass-producing a plant at an affordable price is a priority on every growers mind. Air layering, a method developed by the Chinese to produce roots on a stem, for more difficult plants to root, is an arduous task to say the least. Grafting is the process of connecting two different plants (scion wood to rootstock) so they grow as one. Anyone who has ever taken a grafting class knows the trials and tribulations of wrapping a rubber band around the graft only to find out months later the poor success rate you have as a novice. Most of the beautiful Japanese maples you see in a garden center for sale have been grafted. Did you know that it takes roughly 6-10 years to develop a Japanese maple substantial enough to have an immediate presence in the average residential landscape? Shade trees and flowering deciduous trees have a similar time frame. A 2-2.5” caliper tree has taken some 10-15 years to make itself available for purchase. Making the transition from cutting to harvested liner, waiting for the tree to build its roots, training the form of the tree, not to mention harvesting the finished product out of the field and getting it to its final destination is an impressive feat. Even the woody ornamentals i.e. Clethra (Summersweet), Itea (Virginia Sweetspire) and Buddleia (Butterfly bush) take 3-5 years to bring to market. Your perennials can take 1-2 years to develop, depending on the finished size and perhaps the most pedestrian plant of them all; Picea glauca ‘Conica’ (dwarf Alberta spruce) takes some 7 years to develop a 3-4 foot plant.

With all the effort it takes to develop our green friends, why are some so quick to neglect the attentions that these plants have had previously? You do not have to be an expert on fertilizing, pruning and plant health care to have continued success. Rather a simple education on watering, routine pruning and occasional fertilizing is usually more than enough. When you think about it, we take care of our children making sure we tend to all aspects of their development. We feed them, house them clothe them and every moment contribute to their cognitive development. Why do some buy a living plant and expect that they are immediately self-supportive? The expectation that any plant can survive on its own, immediately after purchase, without our help is just ignorant. Too much water is just as bad as too little water! When you purchase a plant today at your local garden center many have planting instructions and cultural information on them. Not to mention a picture of what the plant should become.

The time has come for there to be an appreciation for life. Plants help clean the air we breathe, reduce the compaction of soils, beautify our surroundings and help with our emotional stability. Perhaps if we too adopted a “Born on Dating” system, people would take notice of a plants age, respect the efforts it took to develop the plant acknowledging the need for food and water and be less likely to blame the plant for any shortcomings. After all, if the average foundation plant takes 5-10 years to develop that would put them in about the fifth or sixth grade.

Recommended Reading

The winter months, I find, are a good time of year to relax and plan your next garden. Enjoying a cup of coffee and tasty, sweet treat at Barnes & Noble, losing yourself in a good gardening book can be inspirational and therapeutic. Brushing up on good design, learning a new plant or just looking at Garden Design magazine can more than eat up an afternoon and prove rewarding. Like any hobby or discipline you dive into, the more you learn… the more you find. It can be a bit daunting staring at the selection of books offered at Barnes & Noble, however, a good bet is seeking out the author Michael Dirr who seems to know almost all that the plant world has to offer.

Dr. Michael Dirr earned a Bachelors in Science degree in Plant Physiology, a Masters in Science Degree in Plant Physiology from Ohio State University and a Ph. D in Plant Physiology from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in 1972. Dirr was an Assistant Professor of Ornamental Horticulture at the University of Illinois, Urbana and became a Mercer Fellow at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University in the late 1970’s. Later, he was the Director of the University of Georgia Botanical Garden and since 1984 a Professor at the University of Georgia. Michael Dirr’s Georgia Plant Introduction Program introduced over 40 new cultivars into the nursery trades. He has published over 300 publications and authored eleven books. This guy is no dummy and has long been a favorite of mine. His contributions are enormous and his awards and honors are numerous. The medal of honor in 1993 from the Garden Clubs of America, the American Horticultural Society’s Teaching Award and Southern Nurseryman’s Association (SNA) Slater Wight Memorial Award to name a few.

A good starting place is Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs. I say this because it is easy to read, concise and offers brilliant pictures capturing many of the plants attributes. With some 500 species and 700 cultivar descriptions, you are sure to become inspired and implement a new plant into your own garden. It differs greatly from his Manual of Woody Landscape Plants which, in its own right, is so detailed and academic that most would find “the bible” a bit too much for an afternoon read. However, thankfully it was required reading for me studying at Rutgers University. After you have finished Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, which is more of broad paint brush stroke you can then hone your efforts to a few of his more specific reads. Viburnums: Flowering Shrubs for Every Season and Hydrangeas for American Gardens are both photographic companions to the previous book mentioned. Vibrant pictures, many of which Dirr have taken himself and approachable text offers a relaxed but informed read. There is also the Great Flowering Landscape Shrubs, which describes more than 50 types of the best flowering shrubs and details their usefulness in the landscape while being punctuated with beautiful color photographs. Finally, another favorite you are sure to enjoy is Dirr’s Trees and shrubs for Warmer Climates. What I like about this book is that it entices us to push the envelope offering plant selections, which may survive, in our cooler zone 6 climate. Specifically, the enormously colorful and energetic habit of Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia) will offer bright flowers most of the summer.

Dr. Michael A. Dirr’s lifelong passion for horticulture has had a profound impact on my life as well as that of a generation. I find his knowledge of the plant kingdom to be quantum and his writings articulate, opinionated and many times humorous. Specifically, his description of a Monkey Puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana), “a rather scary growth habit; belongs in a horror movie (Adams Family Garden Show)”. Whatever Dirr book or publication you pick up you can be sure you will learn something new. Perhaps my favorite Dirr quote of all is his intimate encounter with Dr. Kassab, whose holly Ilex x ‘Dr. Kassab’ adorns many gardens. On page 479 of his Manual of Woody Landscape Plants Dirr writes, “There is no greater fraternity than that bound by the love of plants”. I find this to be true and while I have never personally met Dr. Dirr I am appreciative of a few email correspondences, a personally signed copy of his Interactive Manual and Photo-Library of Woody Landscape Plants and a personal Christmas card I received some years ago. Thank you Dr. Dirr for your contributions and for your part in “making me spiritually and academically whole and persistent”.

“Resinous Exudations”

Longing to write about this tree for some time, I find it timely to discuss the possibilities of a unique dwarf conifer. Now that the holidays are behind us what could be planted into our outdoor containers other than using the proverbial dwarf Alberta spruce (Picea glauca ‘Conica’)? As a garden center owner I am always astounded as to the number of DAS (dwarf Alberta spruce) we sell as an industry. Known to be problematic, a condominium for spider mites, water hogs and eager for full sun, most seem to be planted in containers far too small for their root systems and forced into cramped, unlit surroundings. Allow me to introduce a substitute… Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata).

Years ago, studying at Rutgers University, I had a plant identification class where I learned this tree for the first time. Pinus aristata is a five-needle type conifer (leaves borne 5 together) with an extremely slow growing habit. Bluish-green needles adorn a most picturesque character both in its adolescence and more mature years. The bark of a Bristlecone morphs from a smooth grey-green when it’s young to a more fissured, rust color as it matures. The needles are aromatic, but it’s the white dots commonly found along the needles that have always intrigued me. Resinous exudations (secreting a viscous marking through its pores) are markings that look like tiny sugar crystals sitting along the needles that many confuse as insect or fungal issues. These, in fact, are natural occurrences that quickly help to identify what type of tree you are looking at. Tolerant to dry soils, they make a great container plant for those who are remiss in their watering habits. While Bristlecone can obtain heights of 20-40 feet and are documented as one of the oldest living plants on earth, this dwarf conifer could survive in a planter almost indefinitely. Three to five foot plants can take the better part of 20 years to achieve. Native to the Southwestern United States, Pinus aristata has often been referred to as a Foxtail pine because of the bushy effect of its foliage.

As with any great plant this also has a few cultivars to be on the lookout for. ‘Sherwood Compacta’ is a plant I have, as a pair, welcoming guests as they approach our walkway. Even slower growing than the species, ‘Sherwood Compacta’ is a handsome, perfect little pyramid. Complete with small purple cones in the spring, it has “tightly packed tufts of medium-long, green needles with white undersides” (Iseli Nursery). Found and named by the late Oregon nurseryman Andy Sherwood, ‘Sherwood Compacta’ is a cultivar that can survive years in a contained area. ‘Formal Form’ is another Great Basin Bristlecone Pine that has a more narrow, uniform shape, which is larger than ‘Sherwood Compacta’ and smaller than ‘Blue Heron’. The needles are 1.5 inches long and radiate, as do the others, around the ascending branches. All are long-lived plants.

Speaking of longevity, as previously mentioned, Bristlecone’s are among the oldest living plants in the world. One such plant, “Methuselah”, is aptly named after Methuselah, the longest-lived person in the Bible. The tree is located in the “Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains of eastern California, however, it’s precise location is undisclosed by the U.S. Forest Service to protect the tree from vandalism” ( Methuselah Walk. U.S. Forest Service/ Eastern Sierra Interpretive Association). Core samples were taken in 1957 and estimated the tree to be 4,789 years old then. It is the oldest known individual tree in the world and non-clonal organism still alive. Its estimated germination is 2832 BC! Considering that Bristlecone’s may only obtain an inch or so in diameter in the course of a century, you can appreciate the perseverance of such a tree. To clarify any confusion, the fore mentioned tree is categorized as Pinus longaeva. Pinus aristata, longaeva and balfouriana are all closely related species of Bristlecone pine. Cold temperatures, dry soils, high winds and shorter growing seasons all contribute to the stagnation of a Bristlecone’s development. As a result, the wood is quite dense and resinous creating a natural barrier for insects and fungi to penetrate.

Suitable for rock gardens, bonsai work, an entrance piece to a garden or an outstanding container plant, Pinus aristata can have many uses. Tolerant to dry soils, less likely to be invaded by spider mites and a slow grower are all reasons to consider this over the more pedestrian dwarf Alberta spruce. Not to mention the neat white spots you can stump your friends with when they think an insect is invading your tree. You know better!

Bold Vision

The title of this article is a slight adaptation of Richard Hartlage’s book, Bold Visions for the Garden. Richard Hartlage is a garden designer, writer, lecturer and photographer who was trained in ornamental horticulture at North Carolina State University. Mr. Hartlage has “15 years in public gardening as superintendent of horticulture for the Morris County Park Commission where he directed horticulture at both Willowwood and Frelinghuysen Arboretums.” Today, he is an associate principal at AHBL, Inc., a planning and engineering firm located in Tacoma, Washington, managing the landscape architect division and woks with private and public clients around the country. Having had the fore mentioned book for several years and sharing his love for plants and bold textures in the garden, I recently had a few opportunities to visit some of his work as well as hear him lecture.

Stephen Schuckman, owner of First Mountain Arboriculture LLC, Certified Tree Expert and Consulting Municipal Arborist, my former boss and longtime friend invited my family to a gardening extravaganza in Nutley, New Jersey, which Steve manages. Richard Hartlage has been involved with designing these gardens for almost two decades. Two distinctly different gardens, across the street from one another; embrace style, color, texture and scale so flawlessly that they left me speechless. Couple these principles with some large-scale planters, artwork and interesting sculptures and you can begin to feel a sort of “grand theatrical gesture” going on. On one side of the street a smaller garden feels very cozy with several defined outdoor spaces. Colorful, tropical, vibrant, energetic and exciting are all words to describe this outdoor phenomenon. Soothing blue walls define the perimeter landscape. A hidden hot tub underneath a wooden patio area is just one example of a concealed space that awaits you at every turn. Passiflora, Colocasia, Coleus and Caladiums are all used in mass plantings, many of which are used as foundation plantings and ground cover. Across the street is a classical stroll garden with exciting twists and turns all on 2.3 acres. Hidden garden rooms, a clumping grove of bamboo (Fargesia rufa), geometric Hornbeams cut into rectangular pillars, a huge sweep, some 10,000, of Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa), a huge hill of Liriope, named Mount Si, are just a few of the highlights awaiting the visitor. A feeling of privacy and ease immediately calms you as you leisurely walk this magnificent garden and stare at the nearly 180 outdoor art objects. Two highlights, for me, were the baboon garden and a mass planting of Rohdea japonica. A granite baboon sits peering through some tropical’s, at the foot of a bed, mass planted with dwarf Mondo Grass (Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nanus’). Rohdea is a seldom seen, tough perennial with broad strap-like, evergreen leaves. Its appearance is exotic especially when the clumps of winter red berries appear. Hartlage was quick to point out, in his talk, that when designing, it’s not about what is rare, but rather what will work.

The following week I took my family on an outing to Willowwood Arboretum located in Chester Township. Anxious to see pages 30 and 31 of Hartlage’s book, Bold Visions for the Garden, it was, of course, better in person. An enormous meadow of little bluestem, a native grass to New Jersey, had a deliberate path carved through it. Another notable experience was an almost quadrant of these four trees: Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), Persian Parrotia (Parrotia persica), Osakazuki Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum ‘Osakazuki’) and an enormous Chinese Quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis), complete with mottled, colorful combinations of exfoliating bark, reminiscent of Chinese Elm. These four trees alone, situated so closely to one another was a sensory overload for me. Watching our two-year-old daughter cross a mossed bridge, through a bamboo grove and into the forest, exploring on her first hiking trip, relived childhood experiences for her parents. Another outstanding outing where Hartlage left his mark, softening the edges of our daily grind.

Growing up in Kentucky, Richard Hartlage was quick to point out his love for seasonal change. More fond of the deciduous, hardwood trees changing into their fall colors than he is a fan of the evergreens, his landscapes seem to be driven by artistic movement, defined spaces and large sweeps of plant material. His lecture at the Arsenal in Central Park was worth braving the elements that evening. A raw October evening with sleeting rain didn’t seem to stop his fans. The Metro Hort Group provided the forum and Richard Hartlage did not disappoint. I found Mr. Hartlage to be affable, gracious, witty, comical and forthright. His visions are quantum and his implementations are timeless. Clearly one of today’s best designers, Richard Hartlage gives credit to those who have inspired him, Gertrude Jekll, Topher Delaney and Roberto Burle-Marx as well as the contractors who implement his ideas. His words, which he so graciously wrote in my copy of Bold Visions for the Garden, sum it all up… garden with clarity and vision!

Name Dropping

High above the clouds, sitting here at 36,000 feet I became inspired to write about my next article. My semi-annual trek across the country, in search of next year’s nursery stock, has me reminiscing about the colorful nomenclature often associated with the plants you purchase. And the need to understand some Latin and directing that specific vocabulary into everyday usage should not be seen as elitist, but rather as a more clear understanding of what it is you really want in your own garden. Let me explain!

Most of us know that the road to understanding the plant kingdom can be a bit daunting. Our high school science classes taught us all the order of living things. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species are words that may conjure up feelings of not being prepared for your scantron test. Remember those? Fortunately, to communicate, really communicate, at your independent garden centers you really only need to learn the last two. Genus and species, for most, are enough to narrow down the search. Take it one step further and you can get into cultivars. Why is this important? Because all blue spruce are not created equal! Understanding the “big three”, genus, species and cultivar brings you to a level of appreciation and understanding their differences. The individual generic (genus) or specific epithet (species name) is really not confusing once you break it down. Google a plant search for blue spruce cultivars and you’ll see what I mean. The name Picea pungens will keep coming up, reinforcing the genus and species. But what about all those names in single quotations? The colorful names of people and places, where did they come from?

Too many to ever list all of them, let’s talk about a few of the most popular. Picea pungens ‘Fat Albert’ was named, as you would imagine, after Bill Cosby’s cartoon character. Found in 1976 by Iseli Nursery in Oregon, ‘Fat Albert’ was chosen because it is “the fattest, bluest, most perfect BIG blue spruce grown”. Another popular plant that adorns many homes in New Jersey is Nellie Stevens holly (Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’). Who was Nellie Stevens? She was a school teacher and principal whose seed collection was almost lost forever. “Miss Nellie” as she was “affectionately called” collected seed in 1900 from the National Arboretum. Later it was found that the heritage of that collection was English holly (Ilex aquifolium) and Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta). Her seed collection was almost cut down in their later years, but was saved because of collaboration between Eunice Parsons Highley, Nellie Steven’s niece and Mr. and Mrs. Van Lennep. Mr. Van Lennep named the holly for Nellie Stevens and in 1967, some 25 years after Nellie Stevens death, her holly was registered with the American Holly society. The very popular, broadleaf, evergreen, southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora ‘Bracken’s Brown Beauty’) was chosen by Ray Bracken, a nurseryman whose locution was “if I do nothing else in my lifetime but leave the world a good tree, I’ve done something”. His magnolia was selected not only for its cold hardiness, -22 degrees Fahrenheit, but also for its fungal resistance, huge flowers and shade tolerance. Not to mention the fuzzy-brown undersides of the leaves. One of the most popular harbingers of spring, witchhazel, also has a famed name. Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Arnold Promise’ was selected by the Arnold Arboretum for its unique combination of fragrance of flowers and cold hardiness. Finally, someone in our own backyard discovered ‘Carol Mackie’ Daphne. Carol Mackie has been described as an amateur horticulturist who may very well have found the quintessential plant. In 1962 this past resident of New Jersey found a lovely variegated daphne with fragrant pale-pink flowers. Soon after, Daphne x burkwoodii ‘Carol Mackie’ became elevated to rock star status.

Understanding the “big three” leads you to asking better questions. Knowing that “cool cultivars” have been chosen for specific reasons should leave you asking the question… does the perfect plant exist. The answer is yes! If you want a bright blue spruce with a smaller habit suitable for a foundation planting, chances are it exists. There are reasons certain plants were selected and became marketable cultivars. They may have been selected for their prominent color markings, heavier flower production, glossier leaves, thicker stems or a more narrow habit. The point being, as your appreciation for plant material increases you can begin to select plants and take advantage of what others have found for you. Your garden, in turn, will begin to take on characteristics very specific to your own likings.

“The Father of American Landscape Architecture”

Picking up where I left off last month… Frederick Law Olmsted. Touted as “the father of American landscape architecture”, Mr. Olmsted has left behind an impressive list of work. Born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1822, Olmsted had an auspicious career in journalism before his heightened success as a landscape architect. Aside from his most notable commissioned work, the Biltmore Estate in Ashville, North Carolina, Frederick Olmsted’s work is so long, that just listing them would surpass the word count requirement of this article. Highlights include the academic campuses of Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, Stanford University, Cornell University and Yale University to name a few. Other notable commissioned works include the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, Branch Brook Park in Newark, New Jersey and the Niagara Reservation, now the Niagara Falls State Park. The point being that Olmsted was sought after everywhere and worked everywhere. His genius is undisputed and his contributions are numerous. However, with all that he had accomplished, New York’s Central Park, another of his creative works, is located virtually in our own backyard.

Embarrassed to admit this, growing up in New Jersey my parents routinely took my brother and me into New York City for various cultural events. Continuing those experiences as a young adult, it was not until my wife and I decided to take our daughter to the Central Park Zoo that I actually spent time in Central Park. Not dismissing the efforts of Frederick Law Olmsted, how could you, many give him sole credit for the park’s design. In fact, the English-born architect Calvert Vaux shares credit for the design. Olmsted and Vaux entered the design contest together and were pitted against Egbert Ludovicus Viele, a civil engineer and United States Representative. “The design of Central Park embodies Olmsted’s social consciousness and commitment to egalitarian ideals.” Olmsted believed that the common green space of Central Park should be equally accessible to all citizens. And what about that green space…where did it come from? The Greensward project, which was the plan that Olmsted and Vaux submitted for the now Central Park, was a parcel of land that was seen as undesirable. More than 700 acres, the land between Fifth and Eighth avenues and 59^th and 106^th streets, was acquired by the power of eminent domain. The project had irregular terrain and swamps and displaced some 1600 residents who lived in shanties.

While there were many besides Olmsted and Vaux who helped shape, design and maintain America’s first landscaped public park in the United States, Central Park had another person’s strong influence. Ignaz Pilat was an Austrian-born gardener who migrated to the United States and worked on design and planting of Central Park. Accomplishments include studying botany at the University of Vienna and obtaining a position at the Imperial Botanical Gardens of the Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna. It was here where Pilat acquired many of his skills. Ignaz Pilat has been credited for many of the plant choices seen throughout the park. A list so diverse it’s worth the Google search…trees of Central Park.

My family’s outing in Central Park was full of excitement! Standing inside the Central Park Zoo watching the Snow Monkeys through our daughter’s eyes was worth the price of admission. For me, standing behind that attraction with a sweep of Crape Myrtle in bloom gazing up at the rigid architecture of the city through a large mass of American Elm was awe inspiring. What a great place to have so close to home. Walking under the George Delacorte Music Clock on our way to the Tisch Children’s Zoo was another highlight. The park is filled with too many attractions to list here, but I will say this, when you build up an appetite walking through all its grandeur, don’t miss the Central Park Boathouse for lunch. The scenery and culinary treats will hold your attention.

Olmsted’s ideal to preserve areas of natural beauty for future public enjoyment is heard through his own words. “What artist so noble…as he who, with far-reaching conception of beauty, in designing power, sketches the outlines, writes the colors, and directs the shadows of a picture so great that Nature shall be employed upon it for generations, before the work he arranged for her shall realize his intentions.” Olmsted’s attempt to improve society is echoed in his work. His open spaces are seen as “places of harmony” where we can, even today, escape from the grind of our everyday lives to a more perfect place.